Refactor attribute lookup

16 files changed, 728 insertions, 497 deletions

diff --git a/src/main/java/org/traccar/BaseProtocolDecoder.java b/src/main/java/org/traccar/BaseProtocolDecoder.java
index cbcb429b3..076b52e96 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/traccar/BaseProtocolDecoder.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/traccar/BaseProtocolDecoder.java
@@ -23,11 +23,13 @@ import org.traccar.database.IdentityManager;
 import org.traccar.database.MediaManager;
 import org.traccar.database.StatisticsManager;
 import org.traccar.helper.UnitsConverter;
+import org.traccar.helper.model.AttributeUtil;
 import org.traccar.model.Command;
 import org.traccar.model.Device;
 import org.traccar.model.Position;
 import org.traccar.session.ConnectionManager;
 import org.traccar.session.DeviceSession;
+import org.traccar.session.cache.CacheManager;
 import org.traccar.storage.StorageException;
 
 import javax.inject.Inject;
@@ -46,6 +48,7 @@ public abstract class BaseProtocolDecoder extends ExtendedObjectDecoder {
     private final Protocol protocol;
 
     private IdentityManager identityManager;
+    private CacheManager cacheManager;
     private ConnectionManager connectionManager;
     private StatisticsManager statisticsManager;
     private MediaManager mediaManager;
@@ -64,6 +67,15 @@ public abstract class BaseProtocolDecoder extends ExtendedObjectDecoder {
         this.identityManager = identityManager;
     }
 
+    public CacheManager getCacheManager() {
+        return cacheManager;
+    }
+
+    @Inject
+    public void setCacheManager(CacheManager cacheManager) {
+        this.cacheManager = cacheManager;
+    }
+
     @Inject
     public void setConnectionManager(ConnectionManager connectionManager) {
         this.connectionManager = connectionManager;
@@ -125,7 +137,7 @@ public abstract class BaseProtocolDecoder extends ExtendedObjectDecoder {
 
     protected TimeZone getTimeZone(long deviceId, String defaultTimeZone) {
         TimeZone result = TimeZone.getTimeZone(defaultTimeZone);
-        String timeZoneName = identityManager.lookupAttributeString(deviceId, "decoder.timezone", null, false, true);
+        String timeZoneName = AttributeUtil.lookup(cacheManager, Keys.DECODER_TIMEZONE, deviceId);
         if (timeZoneName != null) {
             result = TimeZone.getTimeZone(timeZoneName);
         }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/traccar/config/ConfigKey.java b/src/main/java/org/traccar/config/ConfigKey.java
index c046a46a5..b8151392c 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/traccar/config/ConfigKey.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/traccar/config/ConfigKey.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2019 - 2020 Anton Tananaev (anton@traccar.org)
+ * Copyright 2019 - 2022 Anton Tananaev (anton@traccar.org)
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,30 +15,34 @@
  */
 package org.traccar.config;
 
+import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
 
-public class ConfigKey<T> {
+public abstract class ConfigKey<T> {
 
     private final String key;
-    private final List<KeyType> types;
+    private final Set<KeyType> types = new HashSet<>();
+    private final Class<T> valueClass;
     private final T defaultValue;
 
-    ConfigKey(String key, List<KeyType> types) {
-        this(key, types, null);
-    }
-
-    ConfigKey(String key, List<KeyType> types, T defaultValue) {
+    ConfigKey(String key, List<KeyType> types, Class<T> valueClass, T defaultValue) {
         this.key = key;
-        this.types = types;
+        this.types.addAll(types);
+        this.valueClass = valueClass;
         this.defaultValue = defaultValue;
     }
 
-    String getKey() {
+    public String getKey() {
         return key;
     }
 
-    public List<KeyType> getTypes() {
-        return types;
+    public boolean hasType(KeyType type) {
+        return types.contains(type);
+    }
+
+    public Class<T> getValueClass() {
+        return valueClass;
     }
 
     public T getDefaultValue() {
@@ -46,3 +50,48 @@ public class ConfigKey<T> {
     }
 
 }
+
+class StringConfigKey extends ConfigKey<String> {
+    StringConfigKey(String key, List<KeyType> types) {
+        super(key, types, String.class, null);
+    }
+    StringConfigKey(String key, List<KeyType> types, String defaultValue) {
+        super(key, types, String.class, defaultValue);
+    }
+}
+
+class BooleanConfigKey extends ConfigKey<Boolean> {
+    BooleanConfigKey(String key, List<KeyType> types) {
+        super(key, types, Boolean.class, null);
+    }
+    BooleanConfigKey(String key, List<KeyType> types, Boolean defaultValue) {
+        super(key, types, Boolean.class, defaultValue);
+    }
+}
+
+class IntegerConfigKey extends ConfigKey<Integer> {
+    IntegerConfigKey(String key, List<KeyType> types) {
+        super(key, types, Integer.class, null);
+    }
+    IntegerConfigKey(String key, List<KeyType> types, Integer defaultValue) {
+        super(key, types, Integer.class, defaultValue);
+    }
+}
+
+class LongConfigKey extends ConfigKey<Long> {
+    LongConfigKey(String key, List<KeyType> types) {
+        super(key, types, Long.class, null);
+    }
+    LongConfigKey(String key, List<KeyType> types, Long defaultValue) {
+        super(key, types, Long.class, defaultValue);
+    }
+}
+
+class DoubleConfigKey extends ConfigKey<Double> {
+    DoubleConfigKey(String key, List<KeyType> types) {
+        super(key, types, Double.class, null);
+    }
+    DoubleConfigKey(String key, List<KeyType> types, Double defaultValue) {
+        super(key, types, Double.class, defaultValue);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/traccar/config/ConfigSuffix.java b/src/main/java/org/traccar/config/ConfigSuffix.java
index ede4c107d..aac3219c6 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/traccar/config/ConfigSuffix.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/traccar/config/ConfigSuffix.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2019 - 2020 Anton Tananaev (anton@traccar.org)
+ * Copyright 2019 - 2022 Anton Tananaev (anton@traccar.org)
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,15 +17,11 @@ package org.traccar.config;
 
 import java.util.List;
 
-public class ConfigSuffix<T> {
+public abstract class ConfigSuffix<T> {
 
-    private final String keySuffix;
-    private final List<KeyType> types;
-    private final T defaultValue;
-
-    ConfigSuffix(String keySuffix, List<KeyType> types) {
-        this(keySuffix, types,  null);
-    }
+    protected final String keySuffix;
+    protected final List<KeyType> types;
+    protected final T defaultValue;
 
     ConfigSuffix(String keySuffix, List<KeyType> types, T defaultValue) {
         this.keySuffix = keySuffix;
@@ -33,8 +29,71 @@ public class ConfigSuffix<T> {
         this.defaultValue = defaultValue;
     }
 
-    public ConfigKey<T> withPrefix(String prefix) {
-        return new ConfigKey<>(prefix + keySuffix, types, defaultValue);
+    public abstract ConfigKey<T> withPrefix(String prefix);
+
+}
+
+class StringConfigSuffix extends ConfigSuffix<String> {
+    StringConfigSuffix(String key, List<KeyType> types) {
+        super(key, types, null);
+    }
+    StringConfigSuffix(String key, List<KeyType> types, String defaultValue) {
+        super(key, types, defaultValue);
+    }
+    @Override
+    public ConfigKey<String> withPrefix(String prefix) {
+        return new StringConfigKey(prefix + keySuffix, types, defaultValue);
+    }
+}
+
+class BooleanConfigSuffix extends ConfigSuffix<Boolean> {
+    BooleanConfigSuffix(String key, List<KeyType> types) {
+        super(key, types, null);
+    }
+    BooleanConfigSuffix(String key, List<KeyType> types, Boolean defaultValue) {
+        super(key, types, defaultValue);
+    }
+    @Override
+    public ConfigKey<Boolean> withPrefix(String prefix) {
+        return new BooleanConfigKey(prefix + keySuffix, types, defaultValue);
+    }
+}
+
+class IntegerConfigSuffix extends ConfigSuffix<Integer> {
+    IntegerConfigSuffix(String key, List<KeyType> types) {
+        super(key, types, null);
+    }
+    IntegerConfigSuffix(String key, List<KeyType> types, Integer defaultValue) {
+        super(key, types, defaultValue);
+    }
+    @Override
+    public ConfigKey<Integer> withPrefix(String prefix) {
+        return new IntegerConfigKey(prefix + keySuffix, types, defaultValue);
     }
+}
 
+class LongConfigSuffix extends ConfigSuffix<Long> {
+    LongConfigSuffix(String key, List<KeyType> types) {
+        super(key, types, null);
+    }
+    LongConfigSuffix(String key, List<KeyType> types, Long defaultValue) {
+        super(key, types, defaultValue);
+    }
+    @Override
+    public ConfigKey<Long> withPrefix(String prefix) {
+        return new LongConfigKey(prefix + keySuffix, types, defaultValue);
+    }
+}
+
+class DoubleConfigSuffix extends ConfigSuffix<Double> {
+    DoubleConfigSuffix(String key, List<KeyType> types) {
+        super(key, types, null);
+    }
+    DoubleConfigSuffix(String key, List<KeyType> types, Double defaultValue) {
+        super(key, types, defaultValue);
+    }
+    @Override
+    public ConfigKey<Double> withPrefix(String prefix) {
+        return new DoubleConfigKey(prefix + keySuffix, types, defaultValue);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/traccar/config/Keys.java b/src/main/java/org/traccar/config/Keys.java
index 292202de0..465751d38 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/traccar/config/Keys.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/traccar/config/Keys.java
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  */
 package org.traccar.config;
 
-import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
 
 public final class Keys {
 
@@ -25,39 +25,39 @@ public final class Keys {
     /**
      * Network interface for a the protocol. If not specified, server will bind all interfaces.
      */
-    public static final ConfigSuffix<String> PROTOCOL_ADDRESS = new ConfigSuffix<>(
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<String> PROTOCOL_ADDRESS = new StringConfigSuffix(
             ".address",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Port number for the protocol. Most protocols use TCP on the transport layer. Some protocols use UDP. Some
      * support both TCP and UDP.
      */
-    public static final ConfigSuffix<Integer> PROTOCOL_PORT = new ConfigSuffix<>(
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<Integer> PROTOCOL_PORT = new IntegerConfigSuffix(
             ".port",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * List of devices for polling protocols. List should contain unique ids separated by commas. Used only for polling
      * protocols.
      */
-    public static final ConfigSuffix<String> PROTOCOL_DEVICES = new ConfigSuffix<>(
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<String> PROTOCOL_DEVICES = new StringConfigSuffix(
             ".devices",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Polling interval in seconds. Used only for polling protocols.
      */
-    public static final ConfigSuffix<Long> PROTOCOL_INTERVAL = new ConfigSuffix<>(
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<Long> PROTOCOL_INTERVAL = new LongConfigSuffix(
             ".interval",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Enable SSL support for the protocol. Not all protocols support this.
      */
-    public static final ConfigSuffix<Boolean> PROTOCOL_SSL = new ConfigSuffix<>(
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<Boolean> PROTOCOL_SSL = new BooleanConfigSuffix(
             ".ssl",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Connection timeout value in seconds. Because sometimes there is no way to detect lost TCP connection old
@@ -65,568 +65,640 @@ public final class Keys {
      * problems with establishing new connections when number of devices is high or devices data connections are
      * unstable.
      */
-    public static final ConfigSuffix<Integer> PROTOCOL_TIMEOUT = new ConfigSuffix<>(
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<Integer> PROTOCOL_TIMEOUT = new IntegerConfigSuffix(
             ".timeout",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Device password. Commonly used in some protocol for sending commands.
      */
-    public static final ConfigSuffix<String> PROTOCOL_DEVICE_PASSWORD = new ConfigSuffix<>(
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<String> PROTOCOL_DEVICE_PASSWORD = new StringConfigSuffix(
             ".devicePassword",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Default protocol mask to use. Currently used only by Skypatrol protocol.
      */
-    public static final ConfigSuffix<Integer> PROTOCOL_MASK = new ConfigSuffix<>(
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<Integer> PROTOCOL_MASK = new IntegerConfigSuffix(
             ".mask",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Custom message length. Currently used only by H2 protocol for specifying binary message length.
      */
-    public static final ConfigSuffix<Integer> PROTOCOL_MESSAGE_LENGTH = new ConfigSuffix<>(
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<Integer> PROTOCOL_MESSAGE_LENGTH = new IntegerConfigSuffix(
             ".messageLength",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Enable extended functionality for the protocol. The reason it's disabled by default is that not all devices
      * support it.
      */
-    public static final ConfigSuffix<Boolean> PROTOCOL_EXTENDED = new ConfigSuffix<>(
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<Boolean> PROTOCOL_EXTENDED = new BooleanConfigSuffix(
             ".extended",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Decode string as UTF8 instead of ASCII. Only applicable for some protocols.
      */
-    public static final ConfigSuffix<Boolean> PROTOCOL_UTF8 = new ConfigSuffix<>(
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<Boolean> PROTOCOL_UTF8 = new BooleanConfigSuffix(
             ".utf8",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Enable CAN decoding for the protocol. Similar to 'extended' configuration, it's not supported for some devices.
      */
-    public static final ConfigSuffix<Boolean> PROTOCOL_CAN = new ConfigSuffix<>(
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<Boolean> PROTOCOL_CAN = new BooleanConfigSuffix(
             ".can",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Indicates whether server acknowledgement is required. Only applicable for some protocols.
      */
-    public static final ConfigSuffix<Boolean> PROTOCOL_ACK = new ConfigSuffix<>(
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<Boolean> PROTOCOL_ACK = new BooleanConfigSuffix(
             ".ack",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Ignore device reported fix time. Useful in case some devices report invalid time. Currently only available for
      * GL200 protocol.
      */
-    public static final ConfigSuffix<Boolean> PROTOCOL_IGNORE_FIX_TIME = new ConfigSuffix<>(
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<Boolean> PROTOCOL_IGNORE_FIX_TIME = new BooleanConfigSuffix(
             ".ignoreFixTime",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Decode additional TK103 attributes. Not supported for some devices.
      */
-    public static final ConfigSuffix<Boolean> PROTOCOL_DECODE_LOW = new ConfigSuffix<>(
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<Boolean> PROTOCOL_DECODE_LOW = new BooleanConfigSuffix(
             ".decodeLow",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Use long date format for Atrack protocol.
      */
-    public static final ConfigSuffix<Boolean> PROTOCOL_LONG_DATE = new ConfigSuffix<>(
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<Boolean> PROTOCOL_LONG_DATE = new BooleanConfigSuffix(
             ".longDate",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Use decimal fuel value format for Atrack protocol.
      */
-    public static final ConfigSuffix<Boolean> PROTOCOL_DECIMAL_FUEL = new ConfigSuffix<>(
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<Boolean> PROTOCOL_DECIMAL_FUEL = new BooleanConfigSuffix(
             ".decimalFuel",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Indicates additional custom attributes for Atrack protocol.
      */
-    public static final ConfigSuffix<Boolean> PROTOCOL_CUSTOM = new ConfigSuffix<>(
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<Boolean> PROTOCOL_CUSTOM = new BooleanConfigSuffix(
             ".custom",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Custom format string for Atrack protocol.
      */
-    public static final ConfigSuffix<String> PROTOCOL_FORM = new ConfigSuffix<>(
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<String> PROTOCOL_FORM = new StringConfigSuffix(
             ".form",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Protocol configuration. Required for some devices for decoding incoming data.
      */
-    public static final ConfigSuffix<String> PROTOCOL_CONFIG = new ConfigSuffix<>(
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<String> PROTOCOL_CONFIG = new StringConfigSuffix(
             ".config",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Alarm mapping for Atrack protocol.
      */
-    public static final ConfigSuffix<String> PROTOCOL_ALARM_MAP = new ConfigSuffix<>(
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<String> PROTOCOL_ALARM_MAP = new StringConfigSuffix(
             ".alarmMap",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Indicates whether TAIP protocol should have prefixes for messages.
      */
-    public static final ConfigSuffix<Boolean> PROTOCOL_PREFIX = new ConfigSuffix<>(
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<Boolean> PROTOCOL_PREFIX = new BooleanConfigSuffix(
             ".prefix",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Some devices require server address confirmation. Use this parameter to configure correct public address.
      */
-    public static final ConfigSuffix<String> PROTOCOL_SERVER = new ConfigSuffix<>(
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<String> PROTOCOL_SERVER = new StringConfigSuffix(
             ".server",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
+
+    /**
+     * Protocol type for Suntech.
+     */
+    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> PROTOCOL_TYPE = new IntegerConfigKey(
+            "suntech.protocolType",
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG, KeyType.DEVICE));
+
+    /**
+     * Suntech HBM configuration value.
+     */
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> PROTOCOL_HBM = new BooleanConfigKey(
+            "suntech.hbm",
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG, KeyType.DEVICE));
+
+    /**
+     * Format includes ADC value.
+     */
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<Boolean> PROTOCOL_INCLUDE_ADC = new BooleanConfigSuffix(
+            ".includeAdc",
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG, KeyType.DEVICE));
+
+    /**
+     * Format includes RPM value.
+     */
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<Boolean> PROTOCOL_INCLUDE_RPM = new BooleanConfigSuffix(
+            ".includeRpm",
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG, KeyType.DEVICE));
+
+    /**
+     * Format includes temperature values.
+     */
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<Boolean> PROTOCOL_INCLUDE_TEMPERATURE = new BooleanConfigSuffix(
+            ".includeTemp",
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG, KeyType.DEVICE));
+
+    /**
+     * Protocol format. Used by protocols that have configurable message format.
+     */
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<String> PROTOCOL_FORMAT = new StringConfigSuffix(
+            ".format",
+            List.of(KeyType.DEVICE));
+
+    /**
+     * Protocol date format. Used by protocols that have configurable date format.
+     */
+    public static final ConfigSuffix<String> PROTOCOL_DATE_FORMAT = new StringConfigSuffix(
+            ".dateFormat",
+            List.of(KeyType.DEVICE));
+
+    /**
+     * Device time zone. Most devices report UTC time, but in some cases devices report local time, so this parameter
+     * needs to be configured for the server to be able to decode the time correctly.
+     */
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> DECODER_TIMEZONE = new StringConfigKey(
+            "decoder.timezone",
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG, KeyType.DEVICE));
 
     /**
      * ORBCOMM API access id.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> ORBCOMM_ACCESS_ID = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> ORBCOMM_ACCESS_ID = new StringConfigKey(
             "orbcomm.accessId",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * ORBCOMM API password.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> ORBCOMM_PASSWORD = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> ORBCOMM_PASSWORD = new StringConfigKey(
             "orbcomm.password",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Server wide connection timeout value in seconds. See protocol timeout for more information.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> SERVER_TIMEOUT = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> SERVER_TIMEOUT = new IntegerConfigKey(
             "server.timeout",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Address for uploading aggregated anonymous usage statistics. Uploaded information is the same you can see on the
      * statistics screen in the web app. It does not include any sensitive (e.g. locations).
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> SERVER_STATISTICS = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> SERVER_STATISTICS = new StringConfigKey(
             "server.statistics",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
+
+    /**
+     * Fuel drop threshold value. When fuel level drops from one position to another for more the value, an event is
+     * generated.
+     */
+    public static final ConfigKey<Double> EVENT_FUEL_DROP_THRESHOLD = new DoubleConfigKey(
+            "fuelDropThreshold",
+            List.of(KeyType.SERVER, KeyType.DEVICE));
+
+    /**
+     * Speed limit value in knots.
+     */
+    public static final ConfigKey<Double> EVENT_OVERSPEED_LIMIT = new DoubleConfigKey(
+            "speedLimit",
+            List.of(KeyType.SERVER, KeyType.DEVICE));
 
     /**
      * If true, the event is generated once at the beginning of overspeeding period.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> EVENT_OVERSPEED_NOT_REPEAT = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> EVENT_OVERSPEED_NOT_REPEAT = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "event.overspeed.notRepeat",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Minimal over speed duration to trigger the event. Value in seconds.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Long> EVENT_OVERSPEED_MINIMAL_DURATION = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Long> EVENT_OVERSPEED_MINIMAL_DURATION = new LongConfigKey(
             "event.overspeed.minimalDuration",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Relevant only for geofence speed limits. Use the lowest speed limit from all geofences.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> EVENT_OVERSPEED_PREFER_LOWEST = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> EVENT_OVERSPEED_PREFER_LOWEST = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "event.overspeed.preferLowest",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Driver behavior acceleration threshold. Value is in meter per second squared.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Double> EVENT_BEHAVIOR_ACCELERATION_THRESHOLD = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Double> EVENT_BEHAVIOR_ACCELERATION_THRESHOLD = new DoubleConfigKey(
             "event.behavior.accelerationThreshold",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Driver behavior braking threshold. Value is in meter per second squared.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Double> EVENT_BEHAVIOR_BRAKING_THRESHOLD = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Double> EVENT_BEHAVIOR_BRAKING_THRESHOLD = new DoubleConfigKey(
             "event.behavior.brakingThreshold",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Do not generate alert event if same alert was present in last known location.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> EVENT_IGNORE_DUPLICATE_ALERTS = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> EVENT_IGNORE_DUPLICATE_ALERTS = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "event.ignoreDuplicateAlerts",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * If set to true, invalid positions will be considered for motion logic.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> EVENT_MOTION_PROCESS_INVALID_POSITIONS = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> EVENT_MOTION_PROCESS_INVALID_POSITIONS = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "event.motion.processInvalidPositions",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * If the speed is above specified value, the object is considered to be in motion. Default value is 0.01 knots.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Double> EVENT_MOTION_SPEED_THRESHOLD = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Double> EVENT_MOTION_SPEED_THRESHOLD = new DoubleConfigKey(
             "event.motion.speedThreshold",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG),
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG),
             0.01);
 
     /**
      * Global polyline geofence distance. Within that distance from the polyline, point is considered within the
      * geofence. Each individual geofence can also has 'polylineDistance' attribute which will take precedence.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Double> GEOFENCE_POLYLINE_DISTANCE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Double> GEOFENCE_POLYLINE_DISTANCE = new DoubleConfigKey(
             "geofence.polylineDistance",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG),
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG),
             25.0);
 
     /**
      * Path to the database driver JAR file. Traccar includes drivers for MySQL, PostgreSQL and H2 databases. If you use
      * one of those, you don't need to specify this parameter.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> DATABASE_DRIVER_FILE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> DATABASE_DRIVER_FILE = new StringConfigKey(
             "database.driverFile",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Database driver Java class. For H2 use 'org.h2.Driver'. MySQL driver class name is 'com.mysql.jdbc.Driver'.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> DATABASE_DRIVER = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> DATABASE_DRIVER = new StringConfigKey(
             "database.driver",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Database connection URL. By default Traccar uses H2 database.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> DATABASE_URL = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> DATABASE_URL = new StringConfigKey(
             "database.url",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Database user name. Default administrator user for H2 database is 'sa'.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> DATABASE_USER = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> DATABASE_USER = new StringConfigKey(
             "database.user",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Database user password. Default password for H2 admin (sa) user is empty.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> DATABASE_PASSWORD = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> DATABASE_PASSWORD = new StringConfigKey(
             "database.password",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Path to Liquibase master changelog file.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> DATABASE_CHANGELOG = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> DATABASE_CHANGELOG = new StringConfigKey(
             "database.changelog",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Database connection pool size. Default value is defined by the HikariCP library.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> DATABASE_MAX_POOL_SIZE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> DATABASE_MAX_POOL_SIZE = new IntegerConfigKey(
             "database.maxPoolSize",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * SQL query to check connection status. Default value is 'SELECT 1'. For Oracle database you can use
      * 'SELECT 1 FROM DUAL'.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> DATABASE_CHECK_CONNECTION = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> DATABASE_CHECK_CONNECTION = new StringConfigKey(
             "database.checkConnection",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG),
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG),
             "SELECT 1");
 
     /**
      * Store original HEX or string data as "raw" attribute in the corresponding position.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> DATABASE_SAVE_ORIGINAL = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> DATABASE_SAVE_ORIGINAL = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "database.saveOriginal",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * By default server syncs with the database if it encounters and unknown device. This flag allows to disable that
      * behavior to improve performance in some cases.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> DATABASE_IGNORE_UNKNOWN = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> DATABASE_IGNORE_UNKNOWN = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "database.ignoreUnknown",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Automatically register unknown devices in the database.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> DATABASE_REGISTER_UNKNOWN = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> DATABASE_REGISTER_UNKNOWN = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "database.registerUnknown",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Default category for auto-registered devices.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> DATABASE_REGISTER_UNKNOWN_DEFAULT_CATEGORY = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> DATABASE_REGISTER_UNKNOWN_DEFAULT_CATEGORY = new StringConfigKey(
             "database.registerUnknown.defaultCategory",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * The group id assigned to auto-registered devices.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Long> DATABASE_REGISTER_UNKNOWN_DEFAULT_GROUP_ID = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Long> DATABASE_REGISTER_UNKNOWN_DEFAULT_GROUP_ID = new LongConfigKey(
             "database.registerUnknown.defaultGroupId",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Minimum device refresh timeout in seconds. Default timeout is 5 minutes.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Long> DATABASE_REFRESH_DELAY = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Long> DATABASE_REFRESH_DELAY = new LongConfigKey(
             "database.refreshDelay",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG),
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG),
             300L);
 
     /**
      * Store empty messages as positions. For example, heartbeats.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> DATABASE_SAVE_EMPTY = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> DATABASE_SAVE_EMPTY = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "database.saveEmpty",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Device limit for self registered users. Default value is -1, which indicates no limit.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> USERS_DEFAULT_DEVICE_LIMIT = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> USERS_DEFAULT_DEVICE_LIMIT = new IntegerConfigKey(
             "users.defaultDeviceLimit",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG),
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG),
             -1);
 
     /**
      * Default user expiration for self registered users. Value is in days. By default no expiration is set.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> USERS_DEFAULT_EXPIRATION_DAYS = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> USERS_DEFAULT_EXPIRATION_DAYS = new IntegerConfigKey(
             "users.defaultExpirationDays",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * LDAP server URL.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> LDAP_URL = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> LDAP_URL = new StringConfigKey(
             "ldap.url",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * LDAP server login.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> LDAP_USER = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> LDAP_USER = new StringConfigKey(
             "ldap.user",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * LDAP server password.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> LDAP_PASSWORD = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> LDAP_PASSWORD = new StringConfigKey(
             "ldap.password",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Force LDAP authentication.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> LDAP_FORCE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> LDAP_FORCE = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "ldap.force",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * LDAP user search base.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> LDAP_BASE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> LDAP_BASE = new StringConfigKey(
             "ldap.base",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * LDAP attribute used as user id. Default value is 'uid'.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> LDAP_ID_ATTRIBUTE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> LDAP_ID_ATTRIBUTE = new StringConfigKey(
             "ldap.idAttribute",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG),
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG),
             "uid");
 
     /**
      * LDAP attribute used as user name. Default value is 'cn'.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> LDAP_NAME_ATTRIBUTE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> LDAP_NAME_ATTRIBUTE = new StringConfigKey(
             "ldap.nameAttribute",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG),
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG),
             "cn");
 
     /**
      * LDAP attribute used as user email. Default value is 'mail'.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> LDAP_MAIN_ATTRIBUTE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> LDAP_MAIN_ATTRIBUTE = new StringConfigKey(
             "ldap.mailAttribute",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG),
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG),
             "mail");
 
     /**
      * LDAP custom search filter. If not specified, '({idAttribute}=:login)' will be used as a filter.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> LDAP_SEARCH_FILTER = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> LDAP_SEARCH_FILTER = new StringConfigKey(
             "ldap.searchFilter",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * LDAP custom admin search filter.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> LDAP_ADMIN_FILTER = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> LDAP_ADMIN_FILTER = new StringConfigKey(
             "ldap.adminFilter",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * LDAP admin user group. Used if custom admin filter is not specified.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> LDAP_ADMIN_GROUP = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> LDAP_ADMIN_GROUP = new StringConfigKey(
             "ldap.adminGroup",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * If no data is reported by a device for the given amount of time, status changes from online to unknown. Value is
      * in seconds. Default timeout is 10 minutes.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Long> STATUS_TIMEOUT = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Long> STATUS_TIMEOUT = new LongConfigKey(
             "status.timeout",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG),
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG),
             600L);
 
     /**
      * Force additional state check when device status changes to 'offline' or 'unknown'. Default false.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> STATUS_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> STATUS_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATE = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "status.updateDeviceState",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * List of protocol names to ignore offline status. Can be useful to not trigger status change when devices are
      * configured to disconnect after reporting a batch of data.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> STATUS_IGNORE_OFFLINE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> STATUS_IGNORE_OFFLINE = new StringConfigKey(
             "status.ignoreOffline",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Path to the media folder. Server stores audio, video and photo files in that folder. Sub-folders will be
      * automatically created for each device by unique id.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> MEDIA_PATH = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> MEDIA_PATH = new StringConfigKey(
             "media.path",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Optional parameter to specify network interface for web interface to bind to. By default server will bind to all
      * available interfaces.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> WEB_ADDRESS = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> WEB_ADDRESS = new StringConfigKey(
             "web.address",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Web interface TCP port number. By default Traccar uses port 8082. To avoid specifying port in the browser you
      * can set it to 80 (default HTTP port).
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> WEB_PORT = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> WEB_PORT = new IntegerConfigKey(
             "web.port",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Sanitize all strings returned via API. This is needed to fix XSS issues in the old web interface. New React-based
      * interface doesn't require this.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> WEB_SANITIZE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> WEB_SANITIZE = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "web.sanitize",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Path to the web app folder.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> WEB_PATH = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> WEB_PATH = new StringConfigKey(
             "web.path",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * WebSocket connection timeout in milliseconds. Default timeout is 10 minutes.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Long> WEB_TIMEOUT = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Long> WEB_TIMEOUT = new LongConfigKey(
             "web.timeout",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG),
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG),
             60000L);
 
     /**
      * Authentication sessions timeout in seconds. By default no timeout.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> WEB_SESSION_TIMEOUT = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> WEB_SESSION_TIMEOUT = new IntegerConfigKey(
             "web.sessionTimeout",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Enable database access console via '/console' URL. Use only for debugging. Never use in production.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> WEB_CONSOLE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> WEB_CONSOLE = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "web.console",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Server debug version of the web app. Not recommended to use for performance reasons. It is intended to be used
      * for development and debugging purposes.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> WEB_DEBUG = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> WEB_DEBUG = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "web.debug",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Cross-origin resource sharing origin header value.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> WEB_ORIGIN = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> WEB_ORIGIN = new StringConfigKey(
             "web.origin",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Cache control header value. By default resources are cached for one hour.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> WEB_CACHE_CONTROL = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> WEB_CACHE_CONTROL = new StringConfigKey(
             "web.cacheControl",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG),
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG),
             "max-age=3600,public");
 
     /**
      * URL to forward positions. Data is passed through URL parameters. For example, {uniqueId} for device identifier,
      * {latitude} and {longitude} for coordinates.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> FORWARD_URL = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> FORWARD_URL = new StringConfigKey(
             "forward.url",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Additional HTTP header, can be used for authorization.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> FORWARD_HEADER = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> FORWARD_HEADER = new StringConfigKey(
             "forward.header",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Boolean value to enable forwarding in JSON format.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> FORWARD_JSON = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> FORWARD_JSON = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "forward.json",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Boolean value to enable URL parameters in json mode. For example, {uniqueId} for device identifier,
      * {latitude} and {longitude} for coordinates.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> FORWARD_URL_VARIABLES = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> FORWARD_URL_VARIABLES = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "forward.urlVariables",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Position forwarding retrying enable. When enabled, additional attempts are made to deliver positions. If initial
@@ -635,301 +707,301 @@ public final class Keys {
      * If forwarding is retried for 'forward.retry.count', retrying is canceled and the position is dropped. Positions
      * pending to be delivered are limited to 'forward.retry.limit'. If this limit is reached, positions get discarded.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> FORWARD_RETRY_ENABLE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> FORWARD_RETRY_ENABLE = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "forward.retry.enable",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Position forwarding retry first delay in milliseconds.
      * Can be set to anything greater than 0. Defaults to 100 milliseconds.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> FORWARD_RETRY_DELAY = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> FORWARD_RETRY_DELAY = new IntegerConfigKey(
             "forward.retry.delay",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Position forwarding retry maximum retries.
      * Can be set to anything greater than 0. Defaults to 10 retries.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> FORWARD_RETRY_COUNT = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> FORWARD_RETRY_COUNT = new IntegerConfigKey(
             "forward.retry.count",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Position forwarding retry pending positions limit.
      * Can be set to anything greater than 0. Defaults to 100 positions.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> FORWARD_RETRY_LIMIT = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> FORWARD_RETRY_LIMIT = new IntegerConfigKey(
             "forward.retry.limit",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Events forwarding URL.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> EVENT_FORWARD_URL = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> EVENT_FORWARD_URL = new StringConfigKey(
             "event.forward.url",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Events forwarding headers. Example value:
      * FirstHeader: hello
      * SecondHeader: world
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> EVENT_FORWARD_HEADERS = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> EVENT_FORWARD_HEADERS = new StringConfigKey(
             "event.forward.header",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Enable commands queuing when devices are offline. Commands are buffered in memory only, so restarting service
      * will clear the buffer.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> COMMANDS_QUEUEING = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> COMMANDS_QUEUEING = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "commands.queueing",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Root folder for all template files.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> TEMPLATES_ROOT = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> TEMPLATES_ROOT = new StringConfigKey(
             "templates.root",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG),
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG),
             "templates");
 
     /**
      * SMS API service full URL. Enables SMS commands and notifications.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> SMS_HTTP_URL = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> SMS_HTTP_URL = new StringConfigKey(
             "sms.http.url",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * SMS API authorization header name. Default value is 'Authorization'.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> SMS_HTTP_AUTHORIZATION_HEADER = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> SMS_HTTP_AUTHORIZATION_HEADER = new StringConfigKey(
             "sms.http.authorizationHeader",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG),
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG),
             "Authorization");
 
     /**
      * SMS API authorization header value. This value takes precedence over user and password.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> SMS_HTTP_AUTHORIZATION = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> SMS_HTTP_AUTHORIZATION = new StringConfigKey(
             "sms.http.authorization",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * SMS API basic authentication user.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> SMS_HTTP_USER = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> SMS_HTTP_USER = new StringConfigKey(
             "sms.http.user",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * SMS API basic authentication password.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> SMS_HTTP_PASSWORD = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> SMS_HTTP_PASSWORD = new StringConfigKey(
             "sms.http.password",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * SMS API body template. Placeholders {phone} and {message} can be used in the template.
      * If value starts with '{' or '[', server automatically assumes JSON format.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> SMS_HTTP_TEMPLATE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> SMS_HTTP_TEMPLATE = new StringConfigKey(
             "sms.http.template",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * AWS Access Key with SNS permission.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> SMS_AWS_ACCESS = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> SMS_AWS_ACCESS = new StringConfigKey(
             "sms.aws.access",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * AWS Secret Access Key with SNS permission.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> SMS_AWS_SECRET = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> SMS_AWS_SECRET = new StringConfigKey(
             "sms.aws.secret",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * AWS Region for SNS service.
      * Make sure to use regions that are supported for messaging.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> SMS_AWS_REGION = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> SMS_AWS_REGION = new StringConfigKey(
             "sms.aws.region",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Enabled notification options. Comma-separated string is expected.
      * Example: web,mail,sms
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> NOTIFICATOR_TYPES = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> NOTIFICATOR_TYPES = new StringConfigKey(
             "notificator.types",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Traccar notification API key.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> NOTIFICATOR_TRACCAR_KEY = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> NOTIFICATOR_TRACCAR_KEY = new StringConfigKey(
             "notificator.traccar.key",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Firebase server API key for push notifications.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> NOTIFICATOR_FIREBASE_KEY = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> NOTIFICATOR_FIREBASE_KEY = new StringConfigKey(
             "notificator.firebase.key",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Pushover notification user name.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> NOTIFICATOR_PUSHOVER_USER = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> NOTIFICATOR_PUSHOVER_USER = new StringConfigKey(
             "notificator.pushover.user",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Pushover notification user token.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> NOTIFICATOR_PUSHOVER_TOKEN = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> NOTIFICATOR_PUSHOVER_TOKEN = new StringConfigKey(
             "notificator.pushover.token",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Telegram notification API key.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> NOTIFICATOR_TELEGRAM_KEY = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> NOTIFICATOR_TELEGRAM_KEY = new StringConfigKey(
             "notificator.telegram.key",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Telegram notification chat id to post messages to.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> NOTIFICATOR_TELEGRAM_CHAT_ID = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> NOTIFICATOR_TELEGRAM_CHAT_ID = new StringConfigKey(
             "notificator.telegram.chatId",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Telegram notification send location message.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> NOTIFICATOR_TELEGRAM_SEND_LOCATION = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> NOTIFICATOR_TELEGRAM_SEND_LOCATION = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "notificator.telegram.sendLocation",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Maximum time period for reports in seconds. Can be useful to prevent users to request unreasonably long reports.
      * By default there is no limit.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Long> REPORT_PERIOD_LIMIT = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Long> REPORT_PERIOD_LIMIT = new LongConfigKey(
             "report.periodLimit",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Trips less than minimal duration and minimal distance are ignored. 300 seconds and 500 meters are default.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Long> REPORT_TRIP_MINIMAL_TRIP_DISTANCE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Long> REPORT_TRIP_MINIMAL_TRIP_DISTANCE = new LongConfigKey(
             "report.trip.minimalTripDistance",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG),
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG),
             500L);
 
     /**
      * Trips less than minimal duration and minimal distance are ignored. 300 seconds and 500 meters are default.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Long> REPORT_TRIP_MINIMAL_TRIP_DURATION = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Long> REPORT_TRIP_MINIMAL_TRIP_DURATION = new LongConfigKey(
             "report.trip.minimalTripDuration",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG),
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG),
             300L);
 
     /**
      * Parking less than minimal duration does not cut trip. Default 300 seconds.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Long> REPORT_TRIP_MINIMAL_PARKING_DURATION = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Long> REPORT_TRIP_MINIMAL_PARKING_DURATION = new LongConfigKey(
             "report.trip.minimalParkingDuration",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG),
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG),
             300L);
 
     /**
      * Gaps of more than specified time are counted as stops. Default value is one hour.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Long> REPORT_TRIP_MINIMAL_NO_DATA_DURATION = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Long> REPORT_TRIP_MINIMAL_NO_DATA_DURATION = new LongConfigKey(
             "report.trip.minimalNoDataDuration",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG),
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG),
             3600L);
 
     /**
      * Flag to enable ignition use for trips calculation.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> REPORT_TRIP_USE_IGNITION = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> REPORT_TRIP_USE_IGNITION = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "report.trip.useIgnition",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Boolean flag to enable or disable position filtering.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> FILTER_ENABLE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> FILTER_ENABLE = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "filter.enable",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Filter invalid (valid field is set to false) positions.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> FILTER_INVALID = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> FILTER_INVALID = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "filter.invalid",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Filter zero coordinates. Zero latitude and longitude are theoretically valid values, but it practice it usually
      * indicates invalid GPS data.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> FILTER_ZERO = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> FILTER_ZERO = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "filter.zero",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Filter duplicate records (duplicates are detected by time value).
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> FILTER_DUPLICATE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> FILTER_DUPLICATE = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "filter.duplicate",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Filter records with fix time in future. The values is specified in seconds. Records that have fix time more than
      * specified number of seconds later than current server time would be filtered out.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Long> FILTER_FUTURE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Long> FILTER_FUTURE = new LongConfigKey(
             "filter.future",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Filter positions with accuracy less than specified value in meters.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> FILTER_ACCURACY = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> FILTER_ACCURACY = new IntegerConfigKey(
             "filter.accuracy",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Filter cell and wifi locations that are coming from geolocation provider.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> FILTER_APPROXIMATE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> FILTER_APPROXIMATE = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "filter.approximate",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Filter positions with exactly zero speed values.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> FILTER_STATIC = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> FILTER_STATIC = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "filter.static",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Filter records by distance. The values is specified in meters. If the new position is less far than this value
      * from the last one it gets filtered out.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> FILTER_DISTANCE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> FILTER_DISTANCE = new IntegerConfigKey(
             "filter.distance",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Filter records by Maximum Speed value in knots. Can be used to filter jumps to far locations even if Position
@@ -938,16 +1010,16 @@ public final class Keys {
      *
      * Tip: Shouldn't be too low. Start testing with values at about 25000.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> FILTER_MAX_SPEED = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> FILTER_MAX_SPEED = new IntegerConfigKey(
             "filter.maxSpeed",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Filter position if time from previous position is less than specified value in seconds.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> FILTER_MIN_PERIOD = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> FILTER_MIN_PERIOD = new IntegerConfigKey(
             "filter.minPeriod",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * If false, the server expects all locations to come sequentially (for each device). Filter checks for duplicates,
@@ -957,262 +1029,271 @@ public final class Keys {
      * Filter checks for duplicates, distance, speed, or time period against the preceding Position's.
      * Important: setting to true can cause potential performance issues.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> FILTER_RELATIVE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> FILTER_RELATIVE = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "filter.relative",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Time limit for the filtering in seconds. If the time difference between the last position was received by server
      * and a new position is received by server is more than this limit, the new position will not be filtered out.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Long> FILTER_SKIP_LIMIT = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Long> FILTER_SKIP_LIMIT = new LongConfigKey(
             "filter.skipLimit",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Enable attributes skipping. Attribute skipping can be enabled in the config or device attributes.
      * If position contains any attribute mentioned in "filter.skipAttributes" config key, position is not filtered out.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> FILTER_SKIP_ATTRIBUTES_ENABLE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> FILTER_SKIP_ATTRIBUTES_ENABLE = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "filter.skipAttributes.enable",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
+
+    /**
+     * Attribute skipping can be enabled in the config or device attributes.
+     * If position contains any attribute mentioned in "filter.skipAttributes" config key, position is not filtered out.
+     */
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> FILTER_SKIP_ATTRIBUTES = new StringConfigKey(
+            "filter.skipAttributes",
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG, KeyType.DEVICE),
+            "");
 
     /**
      * Override device time. Possible values are 'deviceTime' and 'serverTime'
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> TIME_OVERRIDE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> TIME_OVERRIDE = new StringConfigKey(
             "time.override",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * List of protocols for overriding time. If not specified override is applied globally. List consist of protocol
      * names that can be separated by comma or single space character.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> TIME_PROTOCOLS = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> TIME_PROTOCOLS = new StringConfigKey(
             "time.protocols",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Replaces coordinates with last known if change is less than a 'coordinates.minError' meters
      * or more than a 'coordinates.maxError' meters. Helps to avoid coordinates jumps during parking period
      * or jumps to zero coordinates.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> COORDINATES_FILTER = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> COORDINATES_FILTER = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "coordinates.filter",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Distance in meters. Distances below this value gets handled like explained in 'coordinates.filter'.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> COORDINATES_MIN_ERROR = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> COORDINATES_MIN_ERROR = new IntegerConfigKey(
             "coordinates.minError",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Distance in meters. Distances above this value gets handled like explained in 'coordinates.filter', but only if
      * Position is also marked as 'invalid'.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> COORDINATES_MAX_ERROR = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> COORDINATES_MAX_ERROR = new IntegerConfigKey(
             "coordinates.maxError",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Enable to save device IP addresses information. Disabled by default.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> PROCESSING_REMOTE_ADDRESS_ENABLE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> PROCESSING_REMOTE_ADDRESS_ENABLE = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "processing.remoteAddress.enable",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Enable copying of missing attributes from last position to the current one. Might be useful if device doesn't
      * send some values in every message.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> PROCESSING_COPY_ATTRIBUTES_ENABLE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> PROCESSING_COPY_ATTRIBUTES_ENABLE = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "processing.copyAttributes.enable",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Enable computed attributes processing.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> PROCESSING_COMPUTED_ATTRIBUTES_DEVICE_ATTRIBUTES = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> PROCESSING_COMPUTED_ATTRIBUTES_DEVICE_ATTRIBUTES = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "processing.computedAttributes.deviceAttributes",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Boolean flag to enable or disable reverse geocoder.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> GEOCODER_ENABLE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> GEOCODER_ENABLE = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "geocoder.enable",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Reverse geocoder type. Check reverse geocoding documentation for more info. By default (if the value is not
      * specified) server uses Google API.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> GEOCODER_TYPE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> GEOCODER_TYPE = new StringConfigKey(
             "geocoder.type",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Geocoder server URL. Applicable only to Nominatim and Gisgraphy providers.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> GEOCODER_URL = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> GEOCODER_URL = new StringConfigKey(
             "geocoder.url",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * App id for use with Here provider.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> GEOCODER_ID = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> GEOCODER_ID = new StringConfigKey(
             "geocoder.id",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Provider API key. Most providers require API keys.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> GEOCODER_KEY = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> GEOCODER_KEY = new StringConfigKey(
             "geocoder.key",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Language parameter for providers that support localization (e.g. Google and Nominatim).
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> GEOCODER_LANGUAGE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> GEOCODER_LANGUAGE = new StringConfigKey(
             "geocoder.language",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Address format string. Default value is %h %r, %t, %s, %c. See AddressFormat for more info.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> GEOCODER_FORMAT = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> GEOCODER_FORMAT = new StringConfigKey(
             "geocoder.format",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Cache size for geocoding results.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> GEOCODER_CACHE_SIZE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> GEOCODER_CACHE_SIZE = new IntegerConfigKey(
             "geocoder.cacheSize",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Disable automatic reverse geocoding requests for all positions.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> GEOCODER_IGNORE_POSITIONS = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> GEOCODER_IGNORE_POSITIONS = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "geocoder.ignorePositions",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Boolean flag to apply reverse geocoding to invalid positions.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> GEOCODER_PROCESS_INVALID_POSITIONS = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> GEOCODER_PROCESS_INVALID_POSITIONS = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "geocoder.processInvalidPositions",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Optional parameter to specify minimum distance for new reverse geocoding request. If distance is less than
      * specified value (in meters), then Traccar will reuse last known address.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> GEOCODER_REUSE_DISTANCE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> GEOCODER_REUSE_DISTANCE = new IntegerConfigKey(
             "geocoder.reuseDistance",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Perform geocoding when preparing reports and sending notifications.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> GEOCODER_ON_REQUEST = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> GEOCODER_ON_REQUEST = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "geocoder.onRequest",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Boolean flag to enable LBS location resolution. Some devices send cell towers information and WiFi point when GPS
      * location is not available. Traccar can determine coordinates based on that information using third party
      * services. Default value is false.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> GEOLOCATION_ENABLE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> GEOLOCATION_ENABLE = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "geolocation.enable",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Provider to use for LBS location. Available options: google, mozilla and opencellid. By default opencellid is
      * used. You have to supply a key that you get from corresponding provider. For more information see LBS geolocation
      * documentation.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> GEOLOCATION_TYPE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> GEOLOCATION_TYPE = new StringConfigKey(
             "geolocation.type",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Geolocation provider API URL address. Not required for most providers.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> GEOLOCATION_URL = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> GEOLOCATION_URL = new StringConfigKey(
             "geolocation.url",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Provider API key. OpenCellID service requires API key.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> GEOLOCATION_KEY = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> GEOLOCATION_KEY = new StringConfigKey(
             "geolocation.key",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Boolean flag to apply geolocation to invalid positions.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> GEOLOCATION_PROCESS_INVALID_POSITIONS = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> GEOLOCATION_PROCESS_INVALID_POSITIONS = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "geolocation.processInvalidPositions",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Default MCC value to use if device doesn't report MCC.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> GEOLOCATION_MCC = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> GEOLOCATION_MCC = new IntegerConfigKey(
             "geolocation.mcc",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Default MNC value to use if device doesn't report MNC.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> GEOLOCATION_MNC = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> GEOLOCATION_MNC = new IntegerConfigKey(
             "geolocation.mnc",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Boolean flag to enable speed limit API to get speed limit values depending on location. Default value is false.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> SPEED_LIMIT_ENABLE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> SPEED_LIMIT_ENABLE = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "speedLimit.enable",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Provider to use for speed limit. Available options: overpass. By default overpass is used.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> SPEED_LIMIT_TYPE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> SPEED_LIMIT_TYPE = new StringConfigKey(
             "speedLimit.type",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Speed limit provider API URL address.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> SPEED_LIMIT_URL = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> SPEED_LIMIT_URL = new StringConfigKey(
             "speedLimit.url",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Override latitude sign / hemisphere. Useful in cases where value is incorrect because of device bug. Value can be
      * N for North or S for South.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> LOCATION_LATITUDE_HEMISPHERE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> LOCATION_LATITUDE_HEMISPHERE = new StringConfigKey(
             "location.latitudeHemisphere",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Override longitude sign / hemisphere. Useful in cases where value is incorrect because of device bug. Value can
      * be E for East or W for West.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> LOCATION_LONGITUDE_HEMISPHERE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> LOCATION_LONGITUDE_HEMISPHERE = new StringConfigKey(
             "location.longitudeHemisphere",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Jetty Request Log Path.
@@ -1220,112 +1301,112 @@ public final class Keys {
      * over the file.
      * Example: ./logs/jetty-yyyy_mm_dd.request.log
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> WEB_REQUEST_LOG_PATH = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> WEB_REQUEST_LOG_PATH = new StringConfigKey(
             "web.requestLog.path",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Set the number of days before rotated request log files are deleted.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> WEB_REQUEST_LOG_RETAIN_DAYS = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> WEB_REQUEST_LOG_RETAIN_DAYS = new IntegerConfigKey(
             "web.requestLog.retainDays",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Disable systemd health checks.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> WEB_DISABLE_HEALTH_CHECK = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> WEB_DISABLE_HEALTH_CHECK = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "web.disableHealthCheck",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Sets SameSite cookie attribute value.
      * Supported options: Lax, Strict, None.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> WEB_SAME_SITE_COOKIE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> WEB_SAME_SITE_COOKIE = new StringConfigKey(
             "web.sameSiteCookie",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Enables persisting Jetty session to the database
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> WEB_PERSIST_SESSION = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> WEB_PERSIST_SESSION = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "web.persistSession",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Public URL for the web app. Used for notification and report link.
      *
      * If not provided, Traccar will attempt to get a URL from the server IP address, but it might be a local address.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> WEB_URL = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> WEB_URL = new StringConfigKey(
             "web.url",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Output logging to the standard terminal output instead of a log file.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> LOGGER_CONSOLE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> LOGGER_CONSOLE = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "logger.console",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Log executed SQL queries.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> LOGGER_QUERIES = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> LOGGER_QUERIES = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "logger.queries",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Log file name. For rotating logs, a date is added at the end of the file name for non-current logs.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> LOGGER_FILE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> LOGGER_FILE = new StringConfigKey(
             "logger.file",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Logging level. Default value is 'info'.
      * Available options: off, severe, warning, info, config, fine, finer, finest, all.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> LOGGER_LEVEL = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> LOGGER_LEVEL = new StringConfigKey(
             "logger.level",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Print full exception traces. Useful for debugging. By default shortened traces are logged.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> LOGGER_FULL_STACK_TRACES = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> LOGGER_FULL_STACK_TRACES = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "logger.fullStackTraces",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Create a new log file daily. Helps with log management. For example, downloading and cleaning logs. Enabled by
      * default.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> LOGGER_ROTATE = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Boolean> LOGGER_ROTATE = new BooleanConfigKey(
             "logger.rotate",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * A list of position attributes to log.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> LOGGER_ATTRIBUTES = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> LOGGER_ATTRIBUTES = new StringConfigKey(
             "logger.attributes",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG),
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG),
             "time,position,speed,course,accuracy,result");
 
     /**
      * Multicast address for broadcasting synchronization events.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<String> BROADCAST_ADDRESS = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<String> BROADCAST_ADDRESS = new StringConfigKey(
             "broadcast.address",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
     /**
      * Multicast port for broadcasting synchronization events.
      */
-    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> BROADCAST_PORT = new ConfigKey<>(
+    public static final ConfigKey<Integer> BROADCAST_PORT = new IntegerConfigKey(
             "broadcast.port",
-            Collections.singletonList(KeyType.CONFIG));
+            List.of(KeyType.CONFIG));
 
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/traccar/database/DeviceManager.java b/src/main/java/org/traccar/database/DeviceManager.java
index 81043fd7a..a3e04f920 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/traccar/database/DeviceManager.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/traccar/database/DeviceManager.java
@@ -73,34 +73,6 @@ public class DeviceManager extends BaseObjectManager<Device> implements Identity
         refreshLastPositions();
     }
 
-    @Override
-    public Device addUnknownDevice(String uniqueId) {
-        Device device = new Device();
-        device.setName(uniqueId);
-        device.setUniqueId(uniqueId);
-        device.setCategory(Context.getConfig().getString(Keys.DATABASE_REGISTER_UNKNOWN_DEFAULT_CATEGORY));
-
-        long defaultGroupId = Context.getConfig().getLong(Keys.DATABASE_REGISTER_UNKNOWN_DEFAULT_GROUP_ID);
-        if (defaultGroupId != 0) {
-            device.setGroupId(defaultGroupId);
-        }
-
-        try {
-            addItem(device);
-
-            LOGGER.info("Automatically registered device " + uniqueId);
-
-            if (defaultGroupId != 0) {
-                Context.getPermissionsManager().refreshDeviceAndGroupPermissions();
-            }
-
-            return device;
-        } catch (StorageException e) {
-            LOGGER.warn("Automatic device registration error", e);
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
     public void updateDeviceCache(boolean force) {
         long lastUpdate = devicesLastUpdate.get();
         if ((force || System.currentTimeMillis() - lastUpdate > dataRefreshDelay)
@@ -316,35 +288,6 @@ public class DeviceManager extends BaseObjectManager<Device> implements Identity
         return result != null ? (String) result : defaultValue;
     }
 
-    @Override
-    public int lookupAttributeInteger(
-            long deviceId, String attributeName, int defaultValue, boolean lookupServer, boolean lookupConfig) {
-        Object result = lookupAttribute(deviceId, attributeName, lookupServer, lookupConfig);
-        if (result != null) {
-            return result instanceof String ? Integer.parseInt((String) result) : ((Number) result).intValue();
-        }
-        return defaultValue;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public long lookupAttributeLong(
-            long deviceId, String attributeName, long defaultValue, boolean lookupServer, boolean lookupConfig) {
-        Object result = lookupAttribute(deviceId, attributeName, lookupServer, lookupConfig);
-        if (result != null) {
-            return result instanceof String ? Long.parseLong((String) result) : ((Number) result).longValue();
-        }
-        return defaultValue;
-    }
-
-    public double lookupAttributeDouble(
-            long deviceId, String attributeName, double defaultValue, boolean lookupServer, boolean lookupConfig) {
-        Object result = lookupAttribute(deviceId, attributeName, lookupServer, lookupConfig);
-        if (result != null) {
-            return result instanceof String ? Double.parseDouble((String) result) : ((Number) result).doubleValue();
-        }
-        return defaultValue;
-    }
-
     private Object lookupAttribute(long deviceId, String attributeName, boolean lookupServer, boolean lookupConfig) {
         Object result = null;
         Device device = getById(deviceId);
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/traccar/database/IdentityManager.java b/src/main/java/org/traccar/database/IdentityManager.java
index ee386fdfd..10a64ebd9 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/traccar/database/IdentityManager.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/traccar/database/IdentityManager.java
@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@ import org.traccar.model.Position;
 
 public interface IdentityManager {
 
-    Device addUnknownDevice(String uniqueId);
-
     Device getById(long id);
 
     Device getByUniqueId(String uniqueId) throws Exception;
@@ -38,13 +36,4 @@ public interface IdentityManager {
     String lookupAttributeString(
             long deviceId, String attributeName, String defaultValue, boolean lookupServer, boolean lookupConfig);
 
-    int lookupAttributeInteger(
-            long deviceId, String attributeName, int defaultValue, boolean lookupServer, boolean lookupConfig);
-
-    long lookupAttributeLong(
-            long deviceId, String attributeName, long defaultValue, boolean lookupServer, boolean lookupConfig);
-
-    double lookupAttributeDouble(
-            long deviceId, String attributeName, double defaultValue, boolean lookupServer, boolean lookupConfig);
-
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/traccar/handler/FilterHandler.java b/src/main/java/org/traccar/handler/FilterHandler.java
index 0511ec98b..00cbf92a0 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/traccar/handler/FilterHandler.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/traccar/handler/FilterHandler.java
@@ -21,11 +21,18 @@ import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 import org.traccar.BaseDataHandler;
 import org.traccar.config.Config;
 import org.traccar.config.Keys;
-import org.traccar.database.DataManager;
-import org.traccar.database.IdentityManager;
 import org.traccar.helper.UnitsConverter;
+import org.traccar.helper.model.AttributeUtil;
+import org.traccar.model.Device;
 import org.traccar.model.Position;
+import org.traccar.session.cache.CacheManager;
+import org.traccar.storage.Storage;
 import org.traccar.storage.StorageException;
+import org.traccar.storage.query.Columns;
+import org.traccar.storage.query.Condition;
+import org.traccar.storage.query.Limit;
+import org.traccar.storage.query.Order;
+import org.traccar.storage.query.Request;
 
 import javax.inject.Inject;
 import java.util.Date;
@@ -50,11 +57,11 @@ public class FilterHandler extends BaseDataHandler {
     private final long skipLimit;
     private final boolean skipAttributes;
 
-    private final IdentityManager identityManager;
-    private final DataManager dataManager;
+    private final CacheManager cacheManager;
+    private final Storage storage;
 
     @Inject
-    public FilterHandler(Config config, IdentityManager identityManager, DataManager dataManager) {
+    public FilterHandler(Config config, CacheManager cacheManager, Storage storage) {
         enabled = config.getBoolean(Keys.FILTER_ENABLE);
         filterInvalid = config.getBoolean(Keys.FILTER_INVALID);
         filterZero = config.getBoolean(Keys.FILTER_ZERO);
@@ -69,8 +76,18 @@ public class FilterHandler extends BaseDataHandler {
         filterRelative = config.getBoolean(Keys.FILTER_RELATIVE);
         skipLimit = config.getLong(Keys.FILTER_SKIP_LIMIT) * 1000;
         skipAttributes = config.getBoolean(Keys.FILTER_SKIP_ATTRIBUTES_ENABLE);
-        this.identityManager = identityManager;
-        this.dataManager = dataManager;
+        this.cacheManager = cacheManager;
+        this.storage = storage;
+    }
+
+    private Position getPrecedingPosition(long deviceId, Date date) throws StorageException {
+        return storage.getObject(Position.class, new Request(
+                new Columns.All(),
+                new Condition.And(
+                        new Condition.Equals("deviceId", "deviceId", deviceId),
+                        new Condition.Compare("fixTime", "<=", "time", date)),
+                new Order(true, "fixTime"),
+                new Limit(1)));
     }
 
     private boolean filterInvalid(Position position) {
@@ -144,9 +161,8 @@ public class FilterHandler extends BaseDataHandler {
 
     private boolean skipAttributes(Position position) {
         if (skipAttributes) {
-            String attributesString = identityManager.lookupAttributeString(
-                    position.getDeviceId(), "filter.skipAttributes", "", false, true);
-            for (String attribute : attributesString.split("[ ,]")) {
+            String string = AttributeUtil.lookup(cacheManager, Keys.FILTER_SKIP_ATTRIBUTES, position.getDeviceId());
+            for (String attribute : string.split("[ ,]")) {
                 if (position.getAttributes().containsKey(attribute)) {
                     return true;
                 }
@@ -183,13 +199,13 @@ public class FilterHandler extends BaseDataHandler {
             if (filterRelative) {
                 try {
                     Date newFixTime = position.getFixTime();
-                    preceding = dataManager.getPrecedingPosition(deviceId, newFixTime);
+                    preceding = getPrecedingPosition(deviceId, newFixTime);
                 } catch (StorageException e) {
                     LOGGER.warn("Error retrieving preceding position; fallbacking to last received position.", e);
-                    preceding = getLastReceivedPosition(deviceId);
+                    preceding = cacheManager.getPosition(deviceId);
                 }
             } else {
-                preceding = getLastReceivedPosition(deviceId);
+                preceding = cacheManager.getPosition(deviceId);
             }
             if (filterDuplicate(position, preceding) && !skipLimit(position, preceding) && !skipAttributes(position)) {
                 filterType.append("Duplicate ");
@@ -209,7 +225,7 @@ public class FilterHandler extends BaseDataHandler {
         }
 
         if (filterType.length() > 0) {
-            String uniqueId = identityManager.getById(deviceId).getUniqueId();
+            String uniqueId = cacheManager.getObject(Device.class, deviceId).getUniqueId();
             LOGGER.info("Position filtered by {}filters from device: {}", filterType, uniqueId);
             return true;
         }
@@ -217,10 +233,6 @@ public class FilterHandler extends BaseDataHandler {
         return false;
     }
 
-    private Position getLastReceivedPosition(long deviceId) {
-        return identityManager.getLastPosition(deviceId);
-    }
-
     @Override
     protected Position handlePosition(Position position) {
         if (enabled && filter(position)) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/traccar/handler/HemisphereHandler.java b/src/main/java/org/traccar/handler/HemisphereHandler.java
index 2e3ed9d91..f760457a3 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/traccar/handler/HemisphereHandler.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/traccar/handler/HemisphereHandler.java
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ public class HemisphereHandler extends BaseDataHandler {
                 latitudeFactor = -1;
             }
         }
-        String longitudeHemisphere = config.getString(Keys.LOCATION_LATITUDE_HEMISPHERE);
+        String longitudeHemisphere = config.getString(Keys.LOCATION_LONGITUDE_HEMISPHERE);
         if (longitudeHemisphere != null) {
             if (longitudeHemisphere.equalsIgnoreCase("E")) {
                 longitudeFactor = 1;
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/traccar/handler/events/FuelDropEventHandler.java b/src/main/java/org/traccar/handler/events/FuelDropEventHandler.java
index 7849abff9..2d105af3e 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/traccar/handler/events/FuelDropEventHandler.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/traccar/handler/events/FuelDropEventHandler.java
@@ -16,10 +16,13 @@
 package org.traccar.handler.events;
 
 import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;
-import org.traccar.database.IdentityManager;
+import org.traccar.config.Keys;
+import org.traccar.helper.model.AttributeUtil;
+import org.traccar.helper.model.PositionUtil;
 import org.traccar.model.Device;
 import org.traccar.model.Event;
 import org.traccar.model.Position;
+import org.traccar.session.cache.CacheManager;
 
 import javax.inject.Inject;
 import java.util.Collections;
@@ -28,31 +31,28 @@ import java.util.Map;
 @ChannelHandler.Sharable
 public class FuelDropEventHandler extends BaseEventHandler {
 
-    public static final String ATTRIBUTE_FUEL_DROP_THRESHOLD = "fuelDropThreshold";
-
-    private final IdentityManager identityManager;
+    private final CacheManager cacheManager;
 
     @Inject
-    public FuelDropEventHandler(IdentityManager identityManager) {
-        this.identityManager = identityManager;
+    public FuelDropEventHandler(CacheManager cacheManager) {
+        this.cacheManager = cacheManager;
     }
 
     @Override
     protected Map<Event, Position> analyzePosition(Position position) {
 
-        Device device = identityManager.getById(position.getDeviceId());
+        Device device = cacheManager.getObject(Device.class, position.getDeviceId());
         if (device == null) {
             return null;
         }
-        if (!identityManager.isLatestPosition(position)) {
+        if (!PositionUtil.isLatest(cacheManager, position)) {
             return null;
         }
 
-        double fuelDropThreshold = identityManager
-                .lookupAttributeDouble(device.getId(), ATTRIBUTE_FUEL_DROP_THRESHOLD, 0, true, false);
-
+        double fuelDropThreshold = AttributeUtil.lookup(
+                cacheManager, Keys.EVENT_FUEL_DROP_THRESHOLD, position.getDeviceId());
         if (fuelDropThreshold > 0) {
-            Position lastPosition = identityManager.getLastPosition(position.getDeviceId());
+            Position lastPosition = cacheManager.getPosition(position.getDeviceId());
             if (position.getAttributes().containsKey(Position.KEY_FUEL_LEVEL)
                     && lastPosition != null && lastPosition.getAttributes().containsKey(Position.KEY_FUEL_LEVEL)) {
 
@@ -60,7 +60,6 @@ public class FuelDropEventHandler extends BaseEventHandler {
                         - position.getDouble(Position.KEY_FUEL_LEVEL);
                 if (drop >= fuelDropThreshold) {
                     Event event = new Event(Event.TYPE_DEVICE_FUEL_DROP, position);
-                    event.set(ATTRIBUTE_FUEL_DROP_THRESHOLD, fuelDropThreshold);
                     return Collections.singletonMap(event, position);
                 }
             }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/traccar/handler/events/OverspeedEventHandler.java b/src/main/java/org/traccar/handler/events/OverspeedEventHandler.java
index 45bb13be5..6de56d11e 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/traccar/handler/events/OverspeedEventHandler.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/traccar/handler/events/OverspeedEventHandler.java
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;
 import org.traccar.config.Config;
 import org.traccar.config.Keys;
 import org.traccar.database.DeviceManager;
+import org.traccar.helper.model.AttributeUtil;
+import org.traccar.helper.model.PositionUtil;
 import org.traccar.model.Device;
 import org.traccar.session.DeviceState;
 import org.traccar.model.Event;
@@ -36,7 +38,6 @@ import javax.inject.Inject;
 public class OverspeedEventHandler extends BaseEventHandler {
 
     public static final String ATTRIBUTE_SPEED = "speed";
-    public static final String ATTRIBUTE_SPEED_LIMIT = "speedLimit";
 
     private final DeviceManager deviceManager;
     private final CacheManager cacheManager;
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ public class OverspeedEventHandler extends BaseEventHandler {
         Position position = deviceState.getOverspeedPosition();
         Event event = new Event(Event.TYPE_DEVICE_OVERSPEED, position);
         event.set(ATTRIBUTE_SPEED, deviceState.getOverspeedPosition().getSpeed());
-        event.set(ATTRIBUTE_SPEED_LIMIT, speedLimit);
+        event.set(Position.KEY_SPEED_LIMIT, speedLimit);
         event.setGeofenceId(deviceState.getOverspeedGeofenceId());
         deviceState.setOverspeedState(notRepeat);
         deviceState.setOverspeedPosition(null);
@@ -115,15 +116,15 @@ public class OverspeedEventHandler extends BaseEventHandler {
     protected Map<Event, Position> analyzePosition(Position position) {
 
         long deviceId = position.getDeviceId();
-        Device device = deviceManager.getById(deviceId);
+        Device device = cacheManager.getObject(Device.class, position.getDeviceId());
         if (device == null) {
             return null;
         }
-        if (!deviceManager.isLatestPosition(position) || !position.getValid()) {
+        if (!PositionUtil.isLatest(cacheManager, position) || !position.getValid()) {
             return null;
         }
 
-        double speedLimit = deviceManager.lookupAttributeDouble(deviceId, ATTRIBUTE_SPEED_LIMIT, 0, true, false);
+        double speedLimit = AttributeUtil.lookup(cacheManager, Keys.EVENT_OVERSPEED_LIMIT, deviceId);
 
         double positionSpeedLimit = position.getDouble(Position.KEY_SPEED_LIMIT);
         if (positionSpeedLimit > 0) {
@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ public class OverspeedEventHandler extends BaseEventHandler {
             for (long geofenceId : device.getGeofenceIds()) {
                 Geofence geofence = cacheManager.getObject(Geofence.class, geofenceId);
                 if (geofence != null) {
-                    double currentSpeedLimit = geofence.getDouble(ATTRIBUTE_SPEED_LIMIT);
+                    double currentSpeedLimit = geofence.getDouble(Keys.EVENT_OVERSPEED_LIMIT.getKey());
                     if (currentSpeedLimit > 0 && geofenceSpeedLimit == 0
                             || preferLowest && currentSpeedLimit < geofenceSpeedLimit
                             || !preferLowest && currentSpeedLimit > geofenceSpeedLimit) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/traccar/helper/model/AttributeUtil.java b/src/main/java/org/traccar/helper/model/AttributeUtil.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b3fc1cbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/org/traccar/helper/model/AttributeUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 Anton Tananaev (anton@traccar.org)
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.traccar.helper.model;
+
+import org.traccar.config.ConfigKey;
+import org.traccar.config.KeyType;
+import org.traccar.model.Device;
+import org.traccar.model.Group;
+import org.traccar.session.cache.CacheManager;
+
+public final class AttributeUtil {
+
+    private AttributeUtil() {
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings({ "deprecation", "unchecked" })
+    public static <T> T lookup(CacheManager cacheManager, ConfigKey<T> key, long deviceId) {
+        Device device = cacheManager.getObject(Device.class, deviceId);
+        Object result = device.getAttributes().get(key.getKey());
+        long groupId = device.getGroupId();
+        while (result == null && groupId > 0) {
+            Group group = cacheManager.getObject(Group.class, groupId);
+            if (group != null) {
+                result = group.getAttributes().get(key.getKey());
+            }
+        }
+        if (result == null && key.hasType(KeyType.SERVER)) {
+            result = cacheManager.getServer().getAttributes().get(key.getKey());
+        }
+        if (result == null && key.hasType(KeyType.CONFIG)) {
+            result = cacheManager.getConfig().getString(key.getKey());
+        }
+
+        if (result != null) {
+            Class<T> valueClass = key.getValueClass();
+            if (valueClass.equals(Boolean.class)) {
+                return (T) (result instanceof String
+                        ? Boolean.parseBoolean((String) result)
+                        : result);
+            } else if (valueClass.equals(Integer.class)) {
+                return (T) (Object) (result instanceof String
+                        ? Integer.parseInt((String) result)
+                        : ((Number) result).intValue());
+            } else if (valueClass.equals(Long.class)) {
+                return (T) (Object) (result instanceof String
+                        ? Long.parseLong((String) result)
+                        : ((Number) result).longValue());
+            } else if (valueClass.equals(Double.class)) {
+                return (T) (Object) (result instanceof String
+                        ? Double.parseDouble((String) result)
+                        : ((Number) result).doubleValue());
+            } else {
+                return (T) result;
+            }
+        }
+        return key.getDefaultValue();
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/traccar/model/CellTower.java b/src/main/java/org/traccar/model/CellTower.java
index af33b1f5c..16a28ea79 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/traccar/model/CellTower.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/traccar/model/CellTower.java
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ public class CellTower {
     }
 
     public static CellTower fromLacCid(Config config, int lac, long cid) {
-        return from(config.getInteger(Keys.GEOLOCATION_MCC), config.getInteger(Keys.GEOLOCATION_MCC), lac, cid);
+        return from(config.getInteger(Keys.GEOLOCATION_MCC), config.getInteger(Keys.GEOLOCATION_MNC), lac, cid);
     }
 
     public static CellTower fromCidLac(Config config, long cid, int lac) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/traccar/protocol/StarLinkProtocolDecoder.java b/src/main/java/org/traccar/protocol/StarLinkProtocolDecoder.java
index 0ff668fa8..aa23bfac5 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/traccar/protocol/StarLinkProtocolDecoder.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/traccar/protocol/StarLinkProtocolDecoder.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2017 - 2021 Anton Tananaev (anton@traccar.org)
+ * Copyright 2017 - 2022 Anton Tananaev (anton@traccar.org)
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ package org.traccar.protocol;
 
 import io.netty.channel.Channel;
 import org.traccar.BaseProtocolDecoder;
+import org.traccar.config.Keys;
+import org.traccar.helper.model.AttributeUtil;
 import org.traccar.session.DeviceSession;
 import org.traccar.Protocol;
 import org.traccar.helper.DataConverter;
@@ -66,8 +68,9 @@ public class StarLinkProtocolDecoder extends BaseProtocolDecoder {
     }
 
     public String[] getFormat(long deviceId) {
-        return getIdentityManager().lookupAttributeString(
-                deviceId, getProtocolName() + ".format", format, false, false).split(",");
+        String value = AttributeUtil.lookup(
+                getCacheManager(), Keys.PROTOCOL_FORMAT.withPrefix(getProtocolName()), deviceId);
+        return (value != null ? value : format).split(",");
     }
 
     public void setFormat(String format) {
@@ -75,8 +78,9 @@ public class StarLinkProtocolDecoder extends BaseProtocolDecoder {
     }
 
     public DateFormat getDateFormat(long deviceId) {
-        DateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(getIdentityManager().lookupAttributeString(
-                deviceId, getProtocolName() + ".dateFormat", this.dateFormat, false, false));
+        String value = AttributeUtil.lookup(
+                getCacheManager(), Keys.PROTOCOL_DATE_FORMAT.withPrefix(getProtocolName()), deviceId);
+        DateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(value != null ? value : this.dateFormat);
         dateFormat.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"));
         return dateFormat;
     }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/traccar/protocol/SuntechProtocolDecoder.java b/src/main/java/org/traccar/protocol/SuntechProtocolDecoder.java
index 6340def86..44ba1da38 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/traccar/protocol/SuntechProtocolDecoder.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/traccar/protocol/SuntechProtocolDecoder.java
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ import io.netty.buffer.ByteBufUtil;
 import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
 import io.netty.channel.Channel;
 import org.traccar.BaseProtocolDecoder;
+import org.traccar.config.Keys;
+import org.traccar.helper.model.AttributeUtil;
 import org.traccar.session.DeviceSession;
 import org.traccar.Protocol;
 import org.traccar.helper.BitUtil;
@@ -71,8 +73,8 @@ public class SuntechProtocolDecoder extends BaseProtocolDecoder {
     }
 
     public int getProtocolType(long deviceId) {
-        return getIdentityManager().lookupAttributeInteger(
-                deviceId, getProtocolName() + ".protocolType", protocolType, false, true);
+        Integer value = AttributeUtil.lookup(getCacheManager(), Keys.PROTOCOL_TYPE, deviceId);
+        return value != null ? value : protocolType;
     }
 
     public void setHbm(boolean hbm) {
@@ -80,8 +82,8 @@ public class SuntechProtocolDecoder extends BaseProtocolDecoder {
     }
 
     public boolean isHbm(long deviceId) {
-        return getIdentityManager().lookupAttributeBoolean(
-                deviceId, getProtocolName() + ".hbm", hbm, false, true);
+        Boolean value = AttributeUtil.lookup(getCacheManager(), Keys.PROTOCOL_HBM, deviceId);
+        return value != null ? value : hbm;
     }
 
     public void setIncludeAdc(boolean includeAdc) {
@@ -89,8 +91,9 @@ public class SuntechProtocolDecoder extends BaseProtocolDecoder {
     }
 
     public boolean isIncludeAdc(long deviceId) {
-        return getIdentityManager().lookupAttributeBoolean(
-                deviceId, getProtocolName() + ".includeAdc", includeAdc, false, true);
+        Boolean value = AttributeUtil.lookup(
+                getCacheManager(), Keys.PROTOCOL_INCLUDE_ADC.withPrefix(getProtocolName()), deviceId);
+        return value != null ? value : includeAdc;
     }
 
     public void setIncludeRpm(boolean includeRpm) {
@@ -98,8 +101,9 @@ public class SuntechProtocolDecoder extends BaseProtocolDecoder {
     }
 
     public boolean isIncludeRpm(long deviceId) {
-        return getIdentityManager().lookupAttributeBoolean(
-                deviceId, getProtocolName() + ".includeRpm", includeRpm, false, true);
+        Boolean value = AttributeUtil.lookup(
+                getCacheManager(), Keys.PROTOCOL_INCLUDE_RPM.withPrefix(getProtocolName()), deviceId);
+        return value != null ? value : includeRpm;
     }
 
     public void setIncludeTemp(boolean includeTemp) {
@@ -107,8 +111,9 @@ public class SuntechProtocolDecoder extends BaseProtocolDecoder {
     }
 
     public boolean isIncludeTemp(long deviceId) {
-        return getIdentityManager().lookupAttributeBoolean(
-                deviceId, getProtocolName() + ".includeTemp", includeTemp, false, true);
+        Boolean value = AttributeUtil.lookup(
+                getCacheManager(), Keys.PROTOCOL_INCLUDE_TEMPERATURE.withPrefix(getProtocolName()), deviceId);
+        return value != null ? value : includeTemp;
     }
 
     private Position decode9(
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/traccar/session/ConnectionManager.java b/src/main/java/org/traccar/session/ConnectionManager.java
index 6d5fefa75..3fa467b57 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/traccar/session/ConnectionManager.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/traccar/session/ConnectionManager.java
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import org.traccar.config.Keys;
 import org.traccar.database.NotificationManager;
 import org.traccar.handler.events.MotionEventHandler;
 import org.traccar.handler.events.OverspeedEventHandler;
+import org.traccar.helper.model.AttributeUtil;
 import org.traccar.model.Device;
 import org.traccar.model.Event;
 import org.traccar.model.Position;
@@ -279,9 +280,9 @@ public class ConnectionManager {
             result.putAll(event);
         }
 
+        double speedLimit = AttributeUtil.lookup(cacheManager, Keys.EVENT_OVERSPEED_LIMIT, deviceId);
         event = Main.getInjector().getInstance(OverspeedEventHandler.class)
-                .updateOverspeedState(deviceState, Context.getDeviceManager().
-                        lookupAttributeDouble(deviceId, OverspeedEventHandler.ATTRIBUTE_SPEED_LIMIT, 0, true, false));
+                .updateOverspeedState(deviceState, speedLimit);
         if (event != null) {
             result.putAll(event);
         }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/traccar/session/cache/CacheManager.java b/src/main/java/org/traccar/session/cache/CacheManager.java
index 896df83e7..87384f746 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/traccar/session/cache/CacheManager.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/traccar/session/cache/CacheManager.java
@@ -74,6 +74,10 @@ public class CacheManager {
         invalidateUsers();
     }
 
+    public Config getConfig() {
+        return config;
+    }
+
     public <T extends BaseModel> T getObject(Class<T> clazz, long id) {
         try {
             lock.readLock().lock();